A 13-year-old girl presents with a four-month history of fatigue, fevers, and weight loss. On examination, her brachial pulses are weak, and her blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg in her right arm and 110/70 mmHg in her left. This presentation is highly suggestive of which type of vasculitis?
A 5-year-old with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (sJIA) who is having a flare of her arthritis develops a persistent high fever. Labs show a falling platelet count. Which laboratory pattern is a characteristic feature of developing Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) and should raise a high degree of suspicion?
An 8-year-old girl with Juvenile Dermatomyositis presents with severe cutaneous disease in a photo-exposed pattern and is developing lipodystrophy. Her muscle weakness is minimal. Testing for myositis-specific antibodies is most likely to reveal the presence of which autoantibody associated with this specific clinical phenotype?
A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) after presenting with arthritis, fatigue, and a malar rash. As part of her comprehensive care, routine screening is initiated for potential organ involvement. Which organ system’s involvement in SLE is often asymptomatic, underscoring the critical need for regular screening in all patients?
A 3-year-old girl with oligoarticular JIA has persistent arthritis in her right knee and left ankle despite 6 weeks of scheduled NSAIDs. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A 2-year-old is diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease. The parents are counseled about potential complications. In which clinical phase of the disease is the risk of developing coronary artery abnormalities and sudden death the highest?
An 11-year-old boy has a linear scleroderma lesion extending over his knee joint, causing a flexion contracture. You decide to initiate systemic therapy for this deep, function-limiting lesion. According to consensus treatment plans for juvenile localized scleroderma, which combination therapy is considered a first-line, effective regimen?
A medical student rotating in a pediatric rheumatology clinic is learning about the epidemiology of the different subtypes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The attending physician asks in which subtype of JIA the gender distribution is approximately equal between males and females?
A 17-year-old presents with fever, asthma that has recently worsened, and a new foot drop. Labs reveal a peripheral eosinophilia of 35%. A diagnosis of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis is made. Which of the following is the most likely ANCA pattern to be found in this patient?
A 14-year-old girl with a new diagnosis of Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis is being evaluated for organ involvement. She complains of intermittent shortness of breath on exertion. Which visceral manifestation is the most common in this disease and a primary driver of morbidity and mortality?
