A 13-year-old boy presents with a 4-month history of arthritis in his right hip and left knee, along with persistent tenderness at the insertion of his plantar fascia into his calcaneus. His father has a history of inflammatory bowel disease. Which laboratory finding is most likely to be present in this patient?
A 14-year-old is diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of her left arm. She has significant functional impairment and is unable to use her hand. In addition to psychological support, what is the cornerstone of treatment for this condition?
A 15-year-old with a long history of poorly controlled Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis presents with new-onset, unexplained proteinuria. A renal biopsy is performed, and tissue staining with Congo red dye demonstrates apple-green birefringence under polarized light, confirming amyloidosis. What is the precursor protein for the fibrils deposited in this type of amyloidosis?
A 14-year-old boy of Turkish descent presents with a history of extremely painful oral ulcers that have occurred more than three times in the past year. This is the most frequent initial symptom of Behçet disease. According to the International Study Group criteria, what else is required to establish the diagnosis?
A neonate presents with irritability, feeding difficulties, and intracranial calcifications on head imaging. The consulting neurologist suspects a type I interferonopathy. Which of the following is a characteristic cutaneous feature of several of these disorders?
You are using the 2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria to evaluate a 15-year-old with chronic pain. You ask her to indicate all the areas where she has felt pain in the past week on a diagram. What specific information does this tool, the Widespread Pain Index, provide?
A 16-year-old male presents with recurrent sinusitis, hemoptysis, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Laboratory studies are positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). The pathogenesis of this vasculitis involves ANCA-mediated activation of neutrophils and monocytes. Which specific ANCA target antigen is most closely associated with this classic triad of upper airway, lower airway, and renal disease?
An 8-year-old girl is referred for evaluation of painful swelling in her cheeks that has occurred multiple times over the past two years. In children, which of the following is the most common manifestation of Sjögren syndrome, occurring in over 70% of pediatric patients?
A resident learns that the pathogenesis of Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) involves an autoimmune vasculopathy affecting capillaries in the skin and muscle. The upregulation of which cytokine of the innate immune system plays a significant role by modulating multiple downstream immune mechanisms in JDM?
A 17-year-old presents with a six-month history of debilitating fatigue, reporting that even a short walk leaves her exhausted for days. According to the Institute of Medicine criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), which of the following is one of the three core symptoms that MUST be present?
