A 3-week-old infant who was born vaginally to a mother with an untreated sexually transmitted infection develops bilateral conjunctivitis with copious discharge. A diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis is confirmed. What is the primary rationale for treating this infant with systemic oral antibiotics rather than only topical eye drops?
A 9-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with a rash. The mother reports the infant had a high fever up to 39.7°C (103.5°F) for three days, which abruptly resolved this morning, followed by the appearance of a faint pink, nonpruritic rash on his trunk. The infant appears well and active. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 7-year-old child returns from a trip to the Dominican Republic and presents with fever. A blood smear confirms uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. What is the most appropriate first-line treatment?
A 7-year-old boy presents with a 2-inch, painful, fluctuant abscess on his buttock. After incision and drainage, the wound culture grows methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which oral antibiotic is an effective option for this community-associated MRSA skin and soft tissue infection, assuming susceptibility?
A 9-year-old unimmunized child recently returned from travel to an endemic area. She presents with a sore throat, low-grade fever, and a gray, adherent pseudomembrane on the tonsils that bleeds when dislodged. What is the most critical initial step in management?
A 3-week-old, 900g premature infant in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) develops temperature instability and thrombocytopenia. Blood cultures grow Candida albicans. Once the diagnosis of candidemia is confirmed, what is the recommended duration of systemic antifungal therapy for this infant?
An 18-month-old boy with a history of asthma is brought to the clinic with a 24-hour history of fever of 39°C (102.2°F), malaise, and cough. A rapid influenza diagnostic test is positive for influenza A. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient?
A 6-year-old girl is brought to the clinic for nocturnal perianal pruritus that is disturbing her sleep. Her 4-year-old brother has similar complaints. A cellophane tape test is positive for the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. What is the most appropriate management plan?
A 6-year-old boy with sickle cell disease, who completed his primary PCV13 series as an infant, presents for a well-child check. In addition to continuing penicillin prophylaxis, what is the appropriate recommendation for further pneumococcal vaccination at this visit?
A 12-year-old boy is diagnosed with cervicofacial actinomycosis. In addition to Actinomyces israelii, which co-pathogen is frequently isolated from these polymicrobial infections and is important to consider for antimicrobial coverage?
