A 12-year-old is diagnosed with migraine without aura. His headaches occur 2-3 times per month and respond poorly to ibuprofen. His pediatrician is considering a triptan. Which of the following triptans is specifically FDA-approved for the treatment of acute migraine in his age group?
A 14-year-old girl describes recurrent headaches that are bilateral, feel like a constant pressure, and are not worsened by walking up stairs. She occasionally feels sensitive to light but has no nausea. According to the ICHD-3 criteria for infrequent episodic tension-type headache, which of the following is a required diagnostic feature?
A newborn is diagnosed with a lumbosacral myelomeningocele. The team discusses the high likelihood of associated central nervous system anomalies that will require monitoring and potential intervention. Which of the following is the most common and significant central nervous system malformation seen in conjunction with myelomeningocele?
A 15-year-old boy presents with a bilateral, postural tremor in his hands that worsens when he tries to write or pour a drink. The tremor is not present at rest. His father has a similar tremor. A diagnosis of essential tremor is made. What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for this condition in an adolescent?
A 3-week-old female infant is brought in for evaluation of a skin rash. The examination reveals linear streaks and plaques of vesicles on her limbs and trunk. Blood work shows marked eosinophilia. This presentation is most characteristic of the initial stage of which neurocutaneous disorder?
A 16-year-old boy develops involuntary, sustained twisting movements affecting his neck and his entire right arm. He has no other neurological symptoms. According to the classification of dystonias, how would this presentation be categorized?
A 13-year-old girl presents with a 2-day history of painful eye movements and progressive, unilateral vision loss in her right eye. Her visual acuity is 20/200 in the affected eye, and she has impaired red-green color vision. Funduscopic examination reveals swelling of the optic nerve head. Which diagnosis is most consistent with this presentation?
A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a sudden, severe “thunderclap” headache followed by loss of consciousness. A non-contrast head CT scan reveals a subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhage. What is the most common underlying cause for this type of hemorrhagic stroke in childhood?
A 15-year-old girl presents with her second episode of neurologic dysfunction in the past year. Her first episode was unilateral optic neuritis, and she now presents with ataxia and dysarthria. A brain MRI shows multiple discrete, ovoid T2 lesions in the periventricular and juxtacortical regions. Which laboratory finding in the cerebrospinal fluid would most strongly support a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A 3-month-old male infant is brought in for failure to thrive. His mother reports he has been difficult to feed, hypotonic, and often feels cool to the touch. On examination, you note sagging, rosy cheeks and his hair is notably colorless, brittle, and breaks easily. These findings are highly suggestive of which X-linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder?
