A 7-year-old boy presents with fever, headache, and confusion. Brain MRI reveals asymmetric abnormalities with edema in the left mesiotemporal lobe. Which pathogen is the most likely cause, and which medication should be started empirically?
A 9-month-old infant is brought for a well-child check. During the examination, the physician holds the infant’s trunk and suddenly lowers him forward as if falling. The infant’s arms spontaneously extend as if to break the fall. What is the name of this reflex, and what is its clinical significance?
A 15-year-old obese female is diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension after presenting with chronic headaches and papilledema. Her intracranial pressure was confirmed to be elevated on lumbar puncture. Which medication is commonly used as a first-line medical treatment for this condition?
A 14-month-old boy is evaluated in the clinic one week after experiencing his first simple febrile seizure. His parents are concerned about the likelihood of another episode. Which of the following is considered a major risk factor for the recurrence of febrile seizures in children?
A 4-year-old boy with a known seizure disorder is brought to the hospital after a 20-minute episode of right-sided clonic jerking. On arrival, he has a persistent right hemiparesis. The neurologic deficit completely resolves 8 hours later without intervention. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 7-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for episodes where she suddenly stiffens, with opisthotonic posturing, staring, and minimal jerking of her extremities. The parents note these episodes often occur about 30 minutes after feeding. The infant is otherwise developing normally. What is the most likely diagnosis?
During a newborn examination, an infant is noted to have a large, midline hypertrichosis over the lumbar spine. This finding is a common cutaneous manifestation of which underlying spinal anomaly?
A 5-year-old child has a single, unprovoked afebrile seizure. A comprehensive evaluation, including a neurologic exam, EEG, and neuroimaging, is completely normal. What is the approximate risk that this child will later develop epilepsy?
An 8-month-old infant is being treated for bacterial meningitis. On day 3 of therapy, the nurse notes a persistently bulging fontanelle, enlarging head circumference, and increased vomiting. The child remains afebrile. A CT scan confirms a large subdural fluid collection. What is the most likely diagnosis for this collection?
A 9-year-old boy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome presents with seizures characterized by a sudden, momentary loss of muscle tone, causing him to fall to the ground. These seizures are best described as?
