A 7-year-old girl presents with an acute, painful loss of vision in both eyes over the past week. An MRI of the brain and orbits is performed. The presence of bilateral optic neuritis in a child is a finding associated with a lower risk of developing which of the following conditions compared to adults?
A 10-day-old infant presents with bilateral conjunctival redness, eyelid swelling, and a copious purulent discharge. The infant was born via an uncomplicated vaginal delivery and received prophylactic erythromycin eye drops at birth. Which pathogen is most likely responsible for this infant’s condition?
A 10-year-old boy is evaluated for mildly decreased vision. On fundus examination, he is found to have a distinctive yellow, discoid, subretinal lesion in the macula of both eyes, resembling an “egg yolk.” His visual acuity is currently normal. Which diagnostic test is characteristically abnormal in both affected patients with this condition and in asymptomatic carriers, making it useful for diagnosis and genetic counseling?
An 18-month-old child presents for a well-child visit. You observe a slight ptosis and a miosis in the left eye compared to the right. The mother provides old photographs confirming these findings were present since birth and also notes the left iris is a lighter blue color. Given this constellation of signs, which underlying condition must be ruled out?
A 14-year-old boy presents with a subacute, painless loss of central vision in his right eye, which began 2 months ago, followed by similar symptoms in his left eye a month later. Fundoscopy reveals disc hyperemia and a characteristic peripapillary telangiectatic microangiopathy. A family history is notable for a maternal uncle who experienced similar vision loss in young adulthood. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?
A 4-year-old is diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia, with a visual acuity of 20/100 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left. After prescribing the appropriate corrective glasses, the ophthalmologist initiates therapy to improve the vision in the right eye. Which of the following is an established and effective primary therapy for this condition?
A 3-year-old child, who underwent surgical removal of bilateral congenital cataracts at 4 months of age, presents for follow-up. Examination reveals elevated intraocular pressure and corneal clouding in the left eye, consistent with aphakic glaucoma. If this condition is not adequately controlled, what is the most common cause of poor visual recovery in children after cataract surgery?
A 30-month-old boy with a history of intermittent inward eye crossing is found to have a high degree of hyperopia on cycloplegic refraction. The ophthalmologist prescribes glasses with the full hyperopic correction. What is important to counsel the parents about?
A 3-month-old infant presents with a rapidly growing, bright red lesion on the left upper eyelid. The lesion is now large enough that it is obstructing the visual axis. While many of these lesions regress spontaneously, this one requires intervention to prevent deprivation amblyopia. Which of the following is considered an effective, first-line systemic treatment?
