An adolescent football player sustains a posterior medial clavicular physeal injury after a direct blow to the chest. He is hemodynamically stable and has no respiratory distress. This injury pattern is particularly concerning due to its proximity to which structures?
A 6-week-old infant presents with a consistent head tilt to the right and chin rotation to the left. A firm, non-tender, olive-sized mass is palpated within the right sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. What is the most appropriate initial management for this infant’s congenital muscular torticollis?
A 2.5-year-old, early-walking, overweight boy presents with progressive bowlegs. A standing radiograph of his lower extremities is obtained. Which measurement is most useful in differentiating infantile Blount disease from physiologic genu varum and predicting the risk of progression?
An 8-year-old boy is referred from a craniofacial clinic where he was evaluated for a Pierre Robin anomaly at birth. He now presents with severe myopia, and his mother is concerned about his hearing. Examination shows no significant short stature, but he has joint hypermobility. Given this presentation, which diagnosis is most likely?
A 14-year-old football player sustains a blow to the head and is diagnosed with a concussion. He has a history of a learning disability and anxiety. Which of the following factors is the most reliable predictor of a prolonged recovery or persistent postconcussion symptoms?
A 2-year-old presents with acute arm pain and refusal to use the right arm after being lifted by the hands. The child holds the arm in a flexed and pronated position and cries with attempted supination. Radiographs are normal. What is the underlying pathology of this “Nursemaid’s elbow”?
A 1-week-old male infant is diagnosed with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. His parents are counseled on the Ponseti method for treatment. Which component of the deformity is typically corrected last and most often requires a percutaneous tenotomy?
A 2-year-old girl with a history of intrauterine growth restriction presents with loose, sagging skin folds, giving her an aged appearance with prominent jowls. She also has multiple hernias and delayed closure of her fontanels. Her skin is not hyperelastic, and she does not have joint hypermobility. This child’s condition is most likely caused by a pathogenic variant in a gene affecting which of the following?
A 17-year-old volleyball player falls directly onto her flexed knees. She presents with a significant knee effusion but reports no “pop” or instability. On examination, there is no laxity with varus/valgus stress or on the Lachman test. Which ligamentous injury is most consistent with this specific mechanism of injury?
A 4-year-old falls on an outstretched hand and presents with wrist pain. A radiograph shows a compression failure at the metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the distal radius, causing the cortex to bulge outward. The fracture is stable and minimally angulated. What is this fracture pattern called?
