A 10-day-old, 32-week infant develops abdominal tenderness, feeding intolerance, and blood in stool. Abdominal x-ray shows pneumatosis intestinalis. Which risk factor is least likely in this infant?
A male infant born at 30 weeks develops feeding intolerance and is unresponsive to feeding guideline adjustments. What should be considered next to optimize his post discharge growth?
A neonate has jaundice, poor feeding, and dark urine at day 7. Total bilirubin is 18 mg/dL with direct fraction of 5 mg/dL. ALT and AST are elevated. What is the next best step in diagnosis?
A neonate requiring escalating ventilator support develops sudden bradycardia, hypotension, and a halo of air around the cardiac silhouette on chest radiograph. Which is the immediate next step?
A term neonate born to a mother with no prenatal care presents at 24 hours with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and diffuse petechiae. Laboratory studies reveal elevated direct and indirect bilirubin, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated AST. Which in-utero infection is most likely?
A ventilated preterm neonate develops sudden bradycardia, cyanosis, and decreased chest movement on the left. Immediate needle thoracentesis is required. What is the preferred site for needle insertion?
A late preterm infant has a capillary hematocrit of 67% at 6 hours of life with mild tachypnea, plethoric skin, and hypoglycemia. What is the initial management?
A 28-week infant with respiratory distress syndrome is stable on nasal continuous positive airway pressure but requires 45% oxygen to maintain saturations of 91-95%. What is the next most appropriate intervention?
A 1-week-old exclusively breastfed infant presents with classic bruising, oozing from the umbilical stump, and nasal bleeding. Laboratory evaluation shows a prolonged PT and aPTT, with normal platelet count and normal fibrinogen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A preterm neonate weighing 900g has persistent respiratory distress, is on nasal continuous positive airway pressure, and has chest radiograph with low lung volumes, ground-glass appearance, and air bronchograms. Which is the primary pathophysiology?
