A 17-year-old male presents with a painless, firm, rubbery supraclavicular lymph node that has been enlarging over the past few months. He also reports drenching night sweats and a 12% weight loss over 6 months. A chest radiograph reveals a large anterior mediastinal mass. Excisional biopsy is performed. What pathognomonic cell is expected to be identified on histology?
A 4-year-old girl is brought to the clinic for a vulvar lesion. On examination, a painless, “grapelike” mass of tumor tissue is seen bulging through the vaginal orifice, a finding the attending physician notes is classic for a particular manifestation of rhabdomyosarcoma. Which of the following is the most likely clinical manifestation being described?
A 9-month-old infant is brought to the clinic after her parents noticed a “white glow” in her left pupil in a recent flash photograph. The pediatrician’s examination confirms an abnormal white pupillary reflex. What is the classic term for this clinical finding?
A 14-year-old boy is evaluated for intermittent, gradually increasing right tibial pain that is consistently worse at night and awakens him from sleep. His mother notes that the pain is remarkably relieved by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Which of the following benign bone tumors most closely matches this classic clinical presentation?
A 7-year-old boy is diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma after a biopsy of a thigh mass. The pathologic specimen is being evaluated with immunohistochemical studies for a definitive diagnosis. Which of the following markers, being an antibody to a skeletal muscle protein, is required for the definitive diagnosis?
A 15-year-old girl is being evaluated for a thyroid nodule. Her family history is significant for her father and older sister having undergone prophylactic thyroidectomies. Genetic testing confirms she has a pathogenic variant in the RET proto-oncogene consistent with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b. In addition to a near-certain lifetime risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma, which other malignancy is she at high risk of developing?
A 17-year-old boy is diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia during a routine check-up, which revealed marked leukocytosis and splenomegaly. Cytogenetic analysis confirms the diagnosis by identifying a characteristic translocation. Which chromosomal abnormality is the hallmark of this disease?
A 7-year-old girl presents with progressive neuromotor degeneration and recurrent sinopulmonary infections. She is subsequently diagnosed with a lymphoma. This clinical picture is most consistent with which inherited cancer predisposition syndrome involving defects in DNA repair?
A 10-year-old boy from Uganda presents with a rapidly enlarging mass in his jaw. A biopsy is performed, and pathology is consistent with Burkitt lymphoma. Molecular studies are likely to show a translocation that juxtaposes which oncogene to an immunoglobulin heavy or light-chain gene?
A 6-year-old boy presents with a 2-month history of progressive morning headaches, vomiting, and notable truncal ataxia. An urgent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain reveals a heterogeneously enhancing mass located in the fourth ventricle, with evidence of dissemination. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
