A 2-year-old child who recently traveled to a polio-endemic region presents with fever, malaise, and acute flaccid paralysis of the right arm. Examination confirms asymmetric weakness with intact sensation. The pathogenesis of paralytic poliomyelitis involves viral destruction of which specific cells?
A 10-year-old unimmunized child presents with classic signs of measles. His parents are concerned about potential complications. Which of the following complications of measles is considered the most common overall?
A 10-year-old boy recently returned from a trip to a malaria-endemic region. He presents with a fever that occurs on the first and third days of his illness, with a normal temperature on the day in between. Which fever pattern is classically described by this presentation?
A 3-month-old, exclusively breastfed infant is brought to the emergency department with a 3-day history of constipation, a weak cry, and poor suck. The parents recently moved to a rural area with a lot of construction and mention feeding the infant honey for the first time last week. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?
A pregnant woman with a known history of HIV has been on cART with a consistently undetectable viral load (< 50 copies/mL) throughout her third trimester. She expresses a strong desire to breastfeed her newborn. Which of the following is the most appropriate counseling point to provide regarding infant feeding?
A 17-year-old male, who is fully vaccinated, presents with a 2-day history of fever, headache, and unilateral parotitis. The opening of the Stensen duct on the affected side is red and edematous. Which of the following clinical features would most strongly support a diagnosis of mumps parotitis rather than other causes of acute parotitis?
A 45-day-old, well-appearing infant presents with a rectal temperature of 38.4°C (101.1°F). Following the 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics guideline, you obtain labs. The urinalysis is normal, and inflammatory markers are all within low-risk criteria. What is the most appropriate next step in management for this infant?
An 17-year-old male presents with a one-week history of sore throat, fever, and neck pain. On examination, he is febrile, has tender swelling at the angle of his jaw, and is unable to fully open his mouth. A computed tomography scan of his neck reveals septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of this syndrome?
A 4-year-old child presents with painful vesicles on his tongue and buccal mucosa, and tender vesicular lesions on the dorsal surfaces of his hands and on his feet. He has a low-grade fever and is irritable but otherwise well. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 10-day-old infant presents with irritability, poor feeding, and a single cluster of vesicles on her scalp. She was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery, and a scalp electrode was used for monitoring. Her mother has no history or symptoms of genital herpes. If this infant’s infection is left untreated, she is at greatest risk for progression to?
